George Orwell s Shooting An Elephant And A Hanging

In George Orwell’s Shooting an Elephant and A Hanging. The setting of both the spots was in Burma, a nation in Asia. In A Hanging the setting was principally in a correctional facility while in Shooting an Elephant was in a Moulmein, in lower Burma where an Elephant went quiet . The Characters in A Hanging were for the most part a Hindu who was little whit no hair and obscure fluid eyes, additionally he had a thick, mustache which was humongous for his body. Additionally George Orwell played a character in the story however he was the storyteller furthermore there were six superintendents. The utilization of hues in both stories was for the most part yellow and chestnut. The yellow was utilized to recognize the general population s shade in Shooting an Elephant while in A Hanging it was utilized to apply a picture of the climate and setting of the prison. Chestnut in A Hanging was utilized to recognize the men, cocoa quiet men were crouching. Chestnut in the other story was u tilized to apply a setting s vibe. The opening line in Shooting an Elephant was IN MOULMEIN, LOWER BURMA, I was despised by extensive quantities of individuals the main time in my life that I have been sufficiently critical for this to transpire. In A Hanging the opening line is It was in Burma, a soaked morning of the downpours. I feel that the opening sentence of Shooting an Elephant was a great deal more powerful as it shows a result of an intriguing approach to dependShow MoreRelated Biography George Orwell Essay1135 Words   |  5 Pagesopinions like George Orwell. Orwell got to express his opinions in his writings. He wrote about the sociopolitical conditions of his time. For a man whose career started as a dishwasher, he came a long way to be known as the great author he is known as today. In this paper George Orwells early life, his variety of jobs before becoming a writer, his many successes and failures and some of his best known novels and critiques of them, and his sad death will all be discussed. George Orwell was born inRead MoreAnalysis Of George Orwell s Orwell Essay2648 Words   |  11 Pages Born Erick Arthur Blair, Orwell disregarded his birth name and changed it to George Orwell. After Orwell changed his name, he transitioned from a supporter of the British imperial to a literary political rebel. Orwell lived in India in his younger years, and later attended a preparatory boarding school in 1911 on the Sussex Coast. Orwell did not come from a rich family but a hardworking family. His mother was a French extraction in India and his father was a minor British official in the Indian

Todays Health Care Consumer Essay - 1460 Words

There are two types of consumers; the informed and the uninformed. The patient, i.e. the consumer, is typically unaware of the total cost of health services provided to them. They may have a copay or deductible, but the explanation of benefits and outline of care comes after treatment has been rendered. This approach has made it difficult for patients to be able to â€Å"shop around† for the best prices when in most cases they are not sure what the cost treatment will be. They were, by no fault of their own, uninformed consumers due to plan designs. The plan design of the health maintenance organization (HMO) for example, â€Å"masks the true cost of care† because the consumer only pays the copay (Kongstvedt, 2007, p.474). The copay is only a part†¦show more content†¦A different approach adopted by some health insurance companies is scheduled benefit plans. These types of plans provide the consumer with the cost of the service prior to being provided. The downside of this approach is that the consumer is still unaware what portion will be covered by insurance thus they are unable to plan appropriately since they only have one half of the equation (Kongstvedt, 2007, p.476). Consumers are demanding transparency from their health insurance carriers. Munn (2010) states â€Å"consumer-driven† plans are beginning to evolve into â€Å"consumer-focused† plans. The plan designs nowadays give more information and also offer incentives to their consumers as a way to aid in decision making (Munn, 2007, p.45). Coverage of preventive and routine care services is used by health insurance companies as incentives for consumers to enroll into their plans. Consumers typically do not want to pay out-of-pocket for preventive or routines services. The importance of these services can be seen as employers are becoming more focused on preventive or health improvement options for their employees (Munn, 2007, p.45). Discounts are given to employees who maintain healthy behaviors while unhealthy behaviors such as smoking will result in a higher health insurance premium for an employee. Consumer involvement in health insurance coverage has increased resulting in an increase in the interaction between the consumer and health careShow MoreRelatedHealth Care Changes and Challenges1177 Words   |  5 PagesHealth Care Changes and Challenges Dindi White HSC490 May 18, 2015 Jennifer Johnson Health Care Changes and Challenges Some people may believe that health care is not changing. However, todays health care system is changing. Today’s advanced technology and growing population have required health care organizations to evolve. Changes in health care can present challenges, and the challenges must be addressed and dealt with accordingly. Today’s health care system is changing. In order forRead MoreEthical Issues Of Health Care Marketing936 Words   |  4 PagesIssues in Health Care Marketing In today’s competitive world, in order for any organization to succeed it requires the most fundamental aspect of marketing, which is to focus on their consumers (Berkowitz, 2011). As the marketing and technological development continues to keep expanding, as an outcome various health care organizations also need to be more adaptable to suffice the growing needs and demands of their consumers. Furthermore, there is a downside for the advancement in health care as it raisesRead MoreWho Is The Physician? An Organization For Health Care?848 Words   |  4 Pagesof consumer from required physician referrals to technology advancements creating health care consumerism notion. Physician’s referrals dropped in half from by 2009; which was the leading influence during this time period (Winan and Kasubski, 2011). 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John D. Rockefeller Essay Example For Students

John D. Rockefeller Essay John Davison Rockefeller (July 8, 1839 May 23, 1937) was an American industrialist and philanthropist. Rockefeller revolutionized the petroleum industry and defined the structure of modern philanthropy. In 1870, he founded the Standard Oil Company and ran it until he officially retired in 1897. 1 Standard Oil began as an Ohio partnership formed by John D. Rockefeller, his brother William Rockefeller, Henry Flagler, chemist Samuel Andrews, and a silent partner Stephen V. Harkness. Rockefeller kept his stock and as gasoline grew in importance, his wealth soared and he became the worlds richest man and first American billionaire, and is often regarded as the richest person in history. 2345Standard Oil was convicted in Federal Court of monopolistic practices and broken up in 1911. Rockefeller spent the last 40 years of his life in retirement. His fortune was mainly used to create the modern systematic approach of targeted philanthropy with foundations that had a major effect on medicine, education, and scientific research.His foundations pioneered the development of medical research, and were instrumental in the eradication of hookworm and yellow fever. He is also the founder of both The University of Chicago and Rockefeller University. He was a devoted Northern Baptist and supported many church-based institutions throughout his life. Rockefeller adhered to total abstinence from alcohol and tobacco throughout his life.6He married Laura Celestia (Cettie) Spelman in 1864. They had four daughters and one son; John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Junior was largely entrusted with the supervision of the foundations

Rebuilding New or Leans an Example of the Topic Government and Law Essays by

Rebuilding New or Leans Introduction The destructive effects of the August 29, 2005, Hurricane Katrina had necessitated the government to rebuild New Orleans to help resettle the people who were displaced. This was a positive recovery technique to the people who had lost all the property that they had. The new or leans have made many people who could otherwise become miserable settle comfortably. In the process of rebuilding the government had introduced the basic essentials to the victims. The governments effort to rebuild was welcomed from the members of the community. This implies that the recovery process is a positive way that promotes the human dignity of the victims. Even if it had to take time to start reconstruction, five months after the Hurricane Katrina swamped New or leans, president bushs government promised to rebuild the gulf coast. (Treaster, 2006) Need essay sample on "Rebuilding New or Leans" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This paper will provide comparative and historical analyses on the reconstruction efforts by the government on the New Orleans city after the Hurricane Katrina. In addition the current problems faced by the government in the building process are given indebt analysis. Reducing the occurrence of any disaster later is the ultimate goal to the process of reducing the risks associated. The catastrophe which lead to the death of about 1570 people and the loss of approximately $50 billion worthy losses, still remain fresh in the minds of the people. The historical experience provides an avenue for the rebuilding process. Major challenges in the rebuilding process The major challenge was to make the city rise from the waters. The government had to consolidate money to be used to build houses for the victims. A lot of debate came up over the how to rebuild the new or leans. The government however could not be able to restore the full properties of the victims. Initially the government had taken full responsibility to build only 20,000 houses while leaving over 180,000 homes in the hands of the insurance companies. This became as a hindrance to the whole process of rebuilding the New Orleans. It followed that minus the government much of the city would not be developed. The New Orleans required millions of money within a short area as the debris were high labor intensive as well they required high capital investments especially on the machines. The bureaucratic delays have made it difficult for the rebuilding process. The reason is that the government had to work with other stakeholders to provide for the rebuilding process. There is a controversy about the building of the levees and sea gates as most commentators have argued that such structures might equally make the city vulnerable to terrorism. The reason is that a port city is more vulnerable to terrorism than an inland one as it become difficult to defect terrorists when they approach from the sea. This is another big challenge in the increased trends of terrorist attack. Therefore massive amounts of money can be devoted to protect the vulnerable rebuild city from terrorism. New Orleans after the Hurricane Katrina is becoming more vulnerable to very many disasters. The big challenge here for the government building New Orleans is to rebuild the lives of the people, who were disoriented by the Hurricane Katrina. (Jed, 2006) The city was not able to collect taxes since all the properties were destroyed and even the businesses closed down. The high financial requirements that are required to rebuild the city have forced the government to impose high tax so as to build the necessary structures in the city. Tax payers are now asked to pay billions of money to rebuild the city. Building of residential houses and commercial houses among other structure requires a massive financial input which can only be achieved through the taxes. Above all large investment is required in protecting the city against all the eventualities especially the building of levees. Then it implies that the whole burden of reconstructing New Orleans lies on the government. The government has planned to enhance security guarantee by developing New Orleans storm control mechanisms. This aimed at reducing the possibility of the storm destroying the now rebuild New or Leans. Role of technology is paramount for the whole process of rebuilding. This requires the contracting of scientists, Engineers and architects who should establish a proper framework that would reduce these uncertainties. The government has to initiate this multi-billion project and this will strengthen the Louisiana gulf that is vulnerable. It is evident that the floods that followed after the Hurricane Katrina were very devastating. These calls for long term rebuilding of the New or leans especially for the flood protection. The government in this respect is committed to rebuilding new flood gates and levees so as to reduce the possibility of the storms destroying the region. The whole system of transport and communication was destroyed and the government in partnership with other stakeholders is trying had to put in place the proper transport and communication so as to attract people into the city. The governments response to this disaster has been very slow which has made difficult for the reconstruction of the city. Most of the victims who had mortgage insurance covers were advised by the government to seek funds from those companies so as to reconstruct their houses. In this response the insurance companies can not be able to carry out compensation since the destruction required a massive capital. New Orleans skill remains vulnerable as to flooding it below a sea level. Recommendations The decision to rebuild the city by the government has been hindered by the large financial requirements. This is because most of the residents had not taken any insurance cover to cater for such disaster. The government should therefore encourage the people to take insurance cover to cater for the costs of such a disaster. Disaster management techniques have to be put in place so as to reduce the uncertainties associated. (Mattei, 2006) The levees that broke during hurricane Katrina since then have not been rebuilt. Actually after hurricane Katrina massive flooding occurred and it destroyed billions of property. There have been very commitments to rebuild the city in spite of the high financial requirements. The best method is to reclaim the citys value has been rebuilding the levees which were destroyed by the hurricane Katrina. This should then be followed by the construction of commercial and residential facilities and infrastructure. The flood control which has prevented the Mississippi river from depositing sediment to renew the subsiding silt that the city is build on has made the city to more vulnerable to sinking. It is of urgency for the government to respond to such risks before they turn out tragic. The government should be at a position to detect the dangers posed and evacuate people in advance. Not only New Orleans is vulnerable to such risks but also other cities near the oceans, lakes and seas are subject to such dangers. New York City is an example of those that are vulnerable as it is near the ocean. All these dangers posed can be prevented by building dry levees through these cities to prevent future flooding. New Orleans is a city is threatened of abandonment if the government does not put in place the capital to build it so as to restore it lost glory. A permanent solution should be searched for better infrastructure in the New Orleans would make it safer. Generally the New Orleans city should rebuild very carefully and differently. New Orleans as it is would require continuous infusions of massive resources into the rebuilding process. The best solution is that the low level areas should not rebuild at all and the levees should be properly rebuild and maintained so as to minimize any occurrence of the disaster. Conclusion Hurricane Katrina is a subject of discussion among the victims of New Orleans city. The way forward for the effective method of rebuilding and resettling for the New Orleans is to reduce the possibility the tragedy occurring thereafter. Provision of schools, hospitals and other facilities is likely to influence former and new residents to move to the city and settle there without any fear. How to rebuild New Orleans differently remains the major point of concern for United States government. (Wachter, 2006) References EL Birch, SM Wachter (2006) Rebuilding Urban Places after Disaster: Lessons from Hurricane Katrina. University of Pennsylvania Press. Horne, Jed (2006). Breach of Faith: Hurricane Katrina and the Near Death of a Great American City. New York, NY: Random House Joseph B. Treaster Hurricane Katrina - The New York Times,Sunday, December 16, 2007 Norma Jean Mattei (2006) Rebuilding Metro New Orleans after Katrina: Louisiana's New Statewide Building Code. University of New Orleans

Everyday Life in the Old Kingdom free essay sample

In the Old Kingdom, it was common to see everyday life depicted in Egyptian Art. Artists wanted to show how the Egyptians lived. Agriculture was also a large aspect in Egyptian art because agriculture made up a large part of their lives. Specifically, everyday life was important to portray in the afterlife because the dead needed to be properly prepared for the afterlife. The idea was that the function of the paintings was to furnish the tomb with enduring pictures that limited, transcended, and re-created nature. The need to guarantee the survival of the dead, and to assemble in one single figure or object the fundamental elements for their magical reanimation, lies at the root of the Egyptian iconographical repertory (Art A World History). Egyptians wished to take as much of their past life with them to the afterlife. The paintings of nature on the tomb walls recreated the world they once lived in- the world they knew. We will write a custom essay sample on Everyday Life in the Old Kingdom or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Private tombs were famous for having nature depictions like these, rather than those of Kings and Gods. A common nature scene seen in these funerary tombs are of netting fowl. In the painting: Frieze of the Geese from the tomb of the Prince Nefermaat and his wife Itet at maydum, the artist puts a lot of detail into the depiction of the geese making it â€Å"seem to have been of considerable aesthetic interest for the artist† (Malek). Birds in paintings on the walls of tombs are usually seen as tomb offerings above or near doorways. â€Å"In general, these wild birds represent wild spiritual elements that must be trapped, caged, sometimes tamed, or offered to the neteru (gods/goddesses) in sacrifice† (http://www. gypt-tehuti. org/tombs. html). Birds also serve to fully enhance the everyday life of an Egyptian. â€Å"These agricultural scenes of peasants working in the fields stress the owner’s status and distinction in the physical world† (http://encyclopedia. jrank. org/articles/pages/122/Interpreting-Egyptian-Art. html), and act as a reminder that the owner was of high status and should be remembered well. They also provide a p ermanent supply of provisions for the next world. In addition, they function symbolically to depict the passage of the seasons of the year and thus the continuation of life for the deceased spirit (http://encyclopedia. jrank. org/articles/pages/122/Interpreting-Egyptian-Art. html). The painting of Frieze of the Geese from the tomb of the Prince Nefermaat and his wife Itet at maydum does just that. It shows the life of Prince Nefermaat and the Egyptians of their time in the Old Kingdom. It also gave Nefermaat the assurance that in the afterlife there would be an abundance of food. Nature had an important influence on the art of Ancient Egypt. In many Egyptian paintings and structures there can be found symbols of nature and natural processes. Painted on the tomb wall of Nefermaat, the geese are delicately rendered with precision. The simple yet elegant birds project a feeling of harmony with nature between the artist and subjects. In Egyptian art, the animal can be seen as a god, or merely as a source of food, but always portrayed with care and attention to the details of nature. In this particular scene, the animals (geese) are seen as elements to illuminate the tomb with nature’s best and with the Egyptian culture to hunt the birds with nets. The painting on the tomb wall shows six gees in a field. Three are facing left and three are facing right. The geese to the left and right are bending over pecking at the ground for food, while the four in the middle have their heads tilted. The feathering and coloring of the geese is different, making each look individual, adding to the credibility of the artists’ attention to detail. The art of Egypt reflected the Egyptians closeness to nature, both in the common and in the supernatural aspects of their lives. Hunting scenes, like the geese on Maydum, provided the entombed deceased with some elements of everyday life that Ka needed to live on happily and sustained. Those scenes also show the respect that the Egyptians had for nature herself. These animals are portrayed according to their intended purpose. Whether the purpose was supernatural or not, animals in Egypt were given much respect and attention to detail when portrayed in art.

Shrek reverse the tradition of the fairy tale genre Essays

Shrek reverse the tradition of the fairy tale genre Essays Shrek reverse the tradition of the fairy tale genre Paper Shrek reverse the tradition of the fairy tale genre Paper Essay Topic: Beauty and the Beast and Other Tales Donkey annoys Shrek on their journey but when they are near the castle the lighting changes quickly as one minute there is a beautiful blue sky with lush green lawns surrounding it, while the next black clouds appear with smoke spreading across the planes. There is a slight change in the music as it changes from joyful to raucous lightning and thunder. The camera changes its angle by zooming back and forth across a rope bridge, which is above a boiling lake of lava. As they reach the castle, Shrek and Donkey split up, as Donkey is pure mischief, he ends up finding the dragon. The dragon starts spraying rows of fire so Donkey sprints towards Shrek who is flung by the dragon into a room located in the tallest tower. The camera this time captures the fire as it changes into slow motion when it goes over Donkeys head. Donkey seduces the dragon with his charm. Incidentally, even the traditional fearsome dragon is not really a traditional dragon it turns out to be a she-dragon who wears lipstick and is only fearsome because shes lonely and unloved. This links to Shrek as the dragon should be scary but has reversed its nature to be good and kind hearted just like Shrek. It also has feelings and again people are scared of it just as people are when they meet Shrek. Donkey sees them as being normal people. The music is very soothing when Shrek lands in the princesss room. He slowly rises and instead of sweeping the princess off her feet he starts to shake her violently. This is very un-fairy tale like as Shrek is not a prince and does not kiss the princess like in Snow White. He picks up the princess and sweeps up Donkey and makes his exit before the dragon kills them all. If it were a fairy tale, it would have now ended with them getting married, but it continues. During this scene Shrek quotes, Ive got to save my ass, which the princess took differently. She thought that Shrek was referring to himself but was actually talking about Donkey. Shrek does care about Donkey even though it does not seem to appear otherwise he would not have gone back to save him. Princess Fiona becomes upset about the rather abnormal way Shrek and his noble steed rescue her, as it is not fairytale-like. On their way to Duloc much is noticed about the princess. She might dream of the fairytale life but she is no princess. Princess Fiona is worse than Shrek as she belches, kick boxes, blows up frogs with straws, steals birds eggs for breakfast and sacrifices her beauty to be with the beast she loves. Shrek does not come up to the princesss standards of beauty and elegance she is upset by his looks. It is very unusual the way they used World Wrestling Federation moves on Robin Hood, which is great and successful. The movie makes fun of every meaningless element in Disney fairytales and includes some colossal fighting scenes, like famous action sequences from the Matrix intertextuality of modern/traditional books and films. The ending is like a traditional fairytale as Shrek stops the wedding between Princess Fiona and Farquaad. Farquaad himself is a freak a four-foot small midget. Farquaad cant face up to his difference and so he pays the ultimate price the fearsome dragon eats him. They marry and go off in a horse-drawn carriage like in Cinderella. They live happily ever after. There is then a song where the whole cast participates including the fairytale creatures. This is well structured and is inspiring. Shrek reversed the tradition of fairy tales right to the end as he took the full advantage and made a fun out of them, so viewers would find it humorous and strange.

Sexuality and Relationships Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Sexuality and Relationships - Research Proposal Example This is why learning about sexual relationships is important (Hibbert 9). I would like my instructor and classmates to get to know all my findings and be well aware and informed of the matters that concern sexual violence, suicide and homicide. These acts happen frequently and most of them never reach the attention of the relevant authority (Levers 357). Cases of suicide, violence and even homicide are on the rise especially among couples and romantic partners. This wave has touched all people who have achieved their puberty and are sexually active. To make the matter worse, it is very rampant in homes, families with children; even these children in one way or another become victims of the consequences associated with such violence and deaths. Kids from such families are usually associated with bad behaviors and characters, psychological problems and even violence. The wars and raging emotions that arise in such families affect the kids directly, leading to other forms of bad social situations related to bad parenting, stress and trauma. Research Focus Sexuality increases acts of violence, suicide and homicide in relationships. Through this research, I seek to know why love/sexual relationship would lead to one’s own destruction. My research questions are: Why are the cases of violence, suicide and homicide more rampant among the persons involved in sexual relationships? Most of these partners are in love and have stayed together for years. This should create a stronger understanding and tolerance to each other. Why then do they fight and murder each other? In families, how does it actually interfere with the normal development milestones of their children? This research will seek to find out how sex induces violence, suicide and homicide among partners, and to figure out how the duration of the relationship becomes a factor in this and, to provide knowledge of how these acts negatively impact the children that find themselves born in the affected famili es. There is a need for increased monetary support for psychosexual studies (Kearney and Alison 697). This research involves and targets the sexually active individuals who are above the age of 18. Carrying it out during the convenient hours when everyone is at home and free would enhance accuracy since it will involve personal approaches. Therefore, its schedule is set only during the weekends and holidays. This time limitation stretches the aggregate time for the whole research to a minimum of 9 months. To save time and funds, I will collect data from 3 neighborhoods, 2 colleges and 5 universities since much female sexual coercion occurs on campuses (Duncan 107). Learning institutions make an indispensible part of this research. Across the United States, dating violence is very rampant in higher learning institutions with 9% men and 15% women victimized (Levers 357). I will collect data from about 100 spouses randomly chosen and about 200 individuals. It will cover a specific regi on, areas of a common county where other factors such as culture and lifestyle preferences will extensively remain constant. This will eliminate impurities from other social aspects to achieve a more honest outcome. Sexual relationship is a crucial social and procreation tool, but the violence and deaths it induces spoil the entire beautiful picture. Positive interactions are important

Discuss the assessment and treatment issues that arise when managing Essay

Discuss the assessment and treatment issues that arise when managing violent people - Essay Example Even though most people in the society have been exposed to violence mostly through media, and occasionally in person, not everyone react in the same vein. But certain people are more vulnerable and they react in such way that can be harmful to others and sometimes even to the person who indulges in violence. In most cases, they are referred to as psychiatric cases which require intervention and treatment from qualified personnel along with support and help from other sections of the society. The growing complexity of the society, lack of caring and isolation have resulted in many people not being able to react logically, resulting in them being labeled as violent. The society and the government in most advanced societies have recognized this fact and the need to assess and treat such people in the hope that their behavior can be managed to a certain extent. Many people who become unreasonably violent often end up in the custody of law or institutions that cater to treatment of such people. This paper is a review of assessment and treatment that arise in the management of violent people, especially those who are already convicted and are in prison. In the process, it will evaluate various factors like risk, rehabilitation, recidivism, prediction of behavior, and effectives of treatment and rehabilitation. The concept of violence can be relative to a large extent among different societies and even within sections of a society. But a commonly accepted meaning would be an act that harms other people either physically or mentally. Violence can be intrapersonal and interpersonal. The former refers to doing harm to the self in ways like hurting oneself or trying to commit suicide. The latter which has more consequences refers to harm done by a person to others. But actual acts of violence are directly related to the mental health of an individual according to Daniel J Flannery. His book

Victorian fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6000 words

Victorian fashion - Essay Example (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) The most common use of corsets is to slim the body and make it conform to a fashionable silhouette. For women this most frequently emphasises a curvy figure, by reducing the waist, and thereby exaggerating the bust and hips. However, in some periods, corsets have been worn to achieve a tubular straight-up-and-down shape, which involves minimising the bust and hips. The corset fell from fashion in the 1920s in Europe and America, replaced by girdles and elastic brassieres, but survived as an article of costume. Originally an item of lingerie, the corset has become a popular item of outerwear in the fetish, BDSM and Goth subcultures. In the fetish and BDSM literature, there is often much emphasis on tightlacing. In this case, the corset may still be underwear rather than outerwear. Another angle is the wearing of a corset while having an enema; the theory is that the corset prevents the belly distending, enhancing the effects of the enema. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) There was a brief revival of the corset in the late 1940s and early 1950s, in the form of the waist cincher. This was used to give the hourglass figure dictated by Christian Dior's 'New Look'. However, use of the waist cincher was restricted to haute couture, and most women continued to use girdles. This revival was brief, as the New Look gave way to a less dramatically-shaped silhouette. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) Since the late 1980s, the corset has experienced periodic revivals, which have usually originated in haute couture and which have occasionally trickled through to mainstream fashion. These revivals focus on the corset as an item of outerwear rather than underwear. The strongest of these revivals was seen in the Autumn 2001 fashion collections and coincided with the release of the film Moulin Rouge, the costumes for which featured many corsets. The majority of garments sold as corsets during these recent revivals cannot really be counted as corsets at all. While they often feature lacing and boning, and generally mimic a historical style of corset, they have very little effect on the shape of the wearer's body. (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corset) Chapter 1 The analysis of the physical appearance, function and relevance of the Victorian Corset As the nineteenth century unfolded, the corset and female sexuality became inextricably entwined, a process which reached its apogee in the 1890s with the emergence of a specific pornographic genre concerned with sadomasochistic tight lacing. The increased sexualisation of the occupant, the garment, and the erotic conflation of both object and woman, was a slow and irregular process that took decades to complete, but was successful none the less. By the 1880s the pubescent child, the maid, the young woman, the matron, the grandmother, the prostitute, and the subject of the pornographer alike were marked

Harry Potter Book Review Essay

Harry Potter Book Review Essay The Harry Potter books are very successful upon their being published. The Harry Potter books describe us as muggles, non magical people who live our lives not knowing the existence of wizards. The books allow us to envision a magical world that we are unable to see. Wizards are usually tolerant and good toward muggles. The book thins the line between real life and fantasy. People love an unlikely hero who isnt supposed to succeed and one who is an underdog in life. Harry Potter with a scar on his forehead, usually broken glasses, his small skinny frame and lateness about learning the wizard world, is that underdog hero that everyone covets to see. He succeeds in his endeavors because he is enthusiastic, he has a significant amount of courage, and the best friends anyone person could hope to have. He is one of the most courageous characters you will ever read about in a fantasy novel. Its stunning how much more he cares about other people than he does himself. He and his friends would die for each other which is the trademark of a friendship that can go no higher. The book contains all the elements of adventure stories, coming of age, monsters, magic, sports, and miracles. Its like a snickers bar. Everyone loves chocolate, caramel, peanuts and nougat. Put them all together and you have one tasty concoction. There is also, for the first time, a magical town introduced called Hogsmade. According to the book, its the only all-magical town in Britain. Starting in the third year, the students are allowed to travel there, which is only a few miles away, on scheduled visits. CHARACTERS: Ron Weasley is the best friend of Harry Potter. His self esteem is as erratic as the stock market. Unlike Harry, he has no financial means. His father is a member of the Ministry of Magic and his family is backed by generations of pure blooded wizards, but Ron is often picked on by Malfoy for wearing tattered robes, for living in an old house, and for not having a rich father. Ron is deeply loyal to the people he loves as is evident in this book when he simply refuses to speak to Hermione for turning Harrys new broomstick into Professor McGonagall. He and Harry are inseparable. Ron tends to be perceived as a sidekick to Harry, which is not true at all. Ron feels valued by Harry and doesnt seem to mind this that much, but sometimes he seems to feel pushed to the side. He is adventurous and sometimes mischievous but usually with good intentions. In at nutshell, Hermione Granger is a know-it-all who is never shy to voice her opinion. In the same way that Harry represents courage and Ron represents loyalty, Hermione represents the only brain the trio seems to have. I honestly wonder what they would do without her. They always rely on her expert spell knowledge and quick thinking. Hermione was born to a muggle family, but she is the top student in her class. Her muggle blood makes hear a favorite target for the antagonist of the trio, Draco Malfoy. Although she disapproves of Ron and Harrys behavior (sometimes), she stands by them. When in doubt, she turns to books. She is a type of person that believes a book has the answer to almost any problem. In the book, shes stressed by work constant conflicting with Ron, so several times she snaps and lets loose of the rule breaking demon inside of her, once hitting Malfoy, and another time walking out on Divination class when the professor insulted her. It is her magic hourglass, called the time turner that allows her to go back in time to take extra classes, and helps her and Harry save Sirius and Buckbeak. Harry Potter is the thirteen-year-old protagonist of the story and the entire series. He is famous in the wizard community for being the boy who lived. When he was one year old, the most powerful dark wizard Lord Voldermort tried to kill him but the curse rebounded upon him and he nearly died. As a result of the curse rebounding back at Voldermort, Harry was left with a small lightening shaped scar on his forehead. Harry doesnt remember these events, and because was orphaned by Voldemorts attack, he lives with his aunt, uncle, and cousin. His relatives do not tolerate any mention of magic in the house. They call it the M word. He was raised just short of constant abuse. He is humble and doesnt like to take credit for accomplishments so he stays away from special treatment and praise. He wants to live a normal life in the wizarding world. He always succeeds in his quests through a mix of skill and help from his friends and then some more help from his friends. Harry runs into Sirius Black because he entered the Whomping Willow in attempt to rescue his best friend Ron. Harry would do anything for his friends Ron and Hermione. Even though he is not the most powerful wizard, or the most skilled wizard, Harry bests more experienced and more talented wizards because he is brave, quick, and resourceful. THEMES: There are many themes in Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. The author J.K. Rowling is very good with putting meaning behind her words. Some of it is subtle and some of it is easily noticeable. One of the themes that I noticed is that nothing may seem what it is, that everything has another side or is two-faced. This is evident in multiple instances. We first see it when the Defense against the Dark Arts Teacher, Professor Lupin, who spends much of his time being good professor that all the Gryffindors like, and then another part as a being werewolf. We now can concur that everything is capable of having another side. We see it once again when Sirius Black turns out to be innocent. Everyone thought he was a mass murder who killed 13 people, but he wasnt. Hermione, who normally abides by rules and follows them like the bible begins to break the rules. This one may be a stretch but Buckbeak the Hippogriffs execution was reversed through an intrusion in time with Hermiones time turner. Nothing in this story is ever what it seems like. Its such a page turner that keeps you guessing and guessing again. Everything stands in a pole position to surprise you. In  Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban,  every story has two sides. Its like the Schrà ¶dingers cat thought experiment for Quantam Physics. We have to believe that the cat is both alive and dead at the same time. Its the same way with this book. We have to believe that both possibilities can happen. POINT OF VIEW: The point of view for the entire book is third person limited. Third person limited point of view is essentially living through only one character, usually the main character. In Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban, the character you live through is, you guessed it, Harry Potter. We get a sense of Harrys thoughts and senses constantly. We always not what he is thinking and feeling. In this book, we never stray from Harrys mind. Every single part of the book we read through Harrys, eyes, ears, smell, touch, tastes, and thoughts.

Kellog’s Case Essay

Generally speaking, one can say a premium brand is a brand of excellent quality and value. Futhermore, a premium brand is a brand that has a particular value to a market because of the design, inventiveness and quality that it provides. In addition to this, a successful brand name will encourage loyalty amongst consumers who will be more likely to buy the product on a regular basis. So a brand is considered to be premium only when the customers believe the brand is worth the price one is paying for it. In other words, the vendor is able to charge more for a product even if the competition provides a similar product or service at a lower price. Regarding Kellog‘s, one can say it is a premium brand not only because of its wide range of products and 42% of the market share of the value ot the UK‘s cereal market but also because the consumers are con? dent that they receive a high quality product when they buy a Kellog‘s merchandise Question 2: Describe the difference between an aim and an objective. Before differentiating between an aim and an objective on should ? rst de? ne the speci? c meaning of these two words in the management context. An aim is a goal. It is something a company wants to achieve. Moreover, it helps people to understand the beliefs and principles of that business An objective is a more precise statement of the goal. It is designed to contribute to a speci? c aim. Therfore, it has to be speci? c, measurable and realistic. To make it more clear one can take Kellog‘s as an example. Their aim was was to clarify the importance of a balanced lifestyle to the consumers. To achieve this aim Kellog‘s set several objectives, such as increasing the association between Kellog‘s and sports or even encouring and supporting physical activities. Question 3: Outline the purpose of Kellog‘s work with the ASA. The reason why Kellog‘s chose to work with the Amateur Swimming Association can be deduced when one looks at the aims of Kellog‘s and of the ASA. As explained in question 2 Kellog‘s wants to reinforce the importance of a balanced lifestyle so its consumers understand how a balanced diet and excercise can improve their lives. ASA‘s aim is to give more people, more opportunities to swim for health and fun. Because of the correlation of these two aims of these two companies it makes sense to work together in order to use synergies to achieve their common goals and objectives. Whereas Kellog‘s acts as a sponsor, ASA makes sure the swimmers receive the best possble support and the funds reach the proper institutions and people. Moreover, working with ASA assisted Kellog‘s to get in contact with several other companies and partners, such as Sustrans. Furthermore, Kellog‘s reinforces its brand positioning by working with ASA. Because of its corporate responsibility Kellog‘s is perceived much more positively by its customers which automatically leads to a higher loyalty and a better business reputation, which eventually can lead to higher sales and revenues. Question 4: Using examples to support your dialogue, evaluate how Kellog communicates and discuss how this enables it to position its brand. Kellog‘s uses two ways to communicate. The internal and the external way. In order for a strategy to be adopted successfully, a company‘s internal and external communication has to be correlated. First of all Kellog‘s uses internal communication, which is done within its organisation. The goal of trying to clarify the importance of a balanced lifestyle to the consumers is also done within the company. By dispersing a house magazine to its employees, about the importance of a balanced lifestyle, it also wants to highlights the importance of its goal not only to its customers but also to its staff. Furthermore, the Kellog‘s personnel is provided with a pedometer to encourage its employees to live a healthier lifestyle. To summarize this, Kellog‘s wants its staff to understand its business objectives and also be able to relate to them. Secondly, Kellog‘s uses several external communication methods in order to strengthen its brand positioning. It uses several elements of the marketing-mix to communicate with its customers. First of all, it uses a huge variety of media to reach its consumers, such as the press, radio, television and internet. Moreover, the packaging of Kellogg’s products is also a key element of the marketing mix. Kellogs‘ packaging provides the assurances of quality and nutrition that come with its name and also appeal to the end user, mostly children. One example is the use of the cartoon characters of Jack & Aimee the tries to show the importance of exercise and a balanced lifestyle. So to summarize, one can say Kellog‘s wants to position its brand as a healthy, family-oriented, high quality product that puts an emphasis on a healthy and balanced lifestyle. This is done by communicating the need of physical activity by working with partners that emphasize sports and also by advertising the need of sports through their own channels such as packaging and advertisement.

Lafluer Trading Company

Lafleur Trading Company Lafleur Trading Company was founded in 1975 and has been supplying fine foods and wines to countries all over the world (Apollo Group, 2009). The founders of Lafleur Trading Company believe their products meet the needs of consumers for their lifestyle, health, and ethics. Company leaders offer only products that have passed Canada’s strictest guidelines for organic products (Apollo Group, 2009). The Lafleur Trading Company teams members stand by their company ethics, believe in the company mission, and stand by the values on which the company was founded. Organizational Analysis â€Å"Whether a firm is developing a new business or reformulating direction for an ongoing business, it must determine the basic goals and philosophies that will shape its strategic posture† (Pearce & Robinson, 2009, p. 25). To accomplish this effectively, the leaders of Lafleur must have clarity on the organization’s mission, vision, values, and goals. These fundamental concepts serve as the foundation for why and how the organization will do business. Lafleur Trading Company has clearly identified the mission of the organization, which is providing high quality, organic products at competitive prices (Apollo Group, 2011). A company’s mission embodies the unique purpose it serves to meet and is developed with the values the leadership intends to infuse in the execution of its business. At Lafleur, they are committed to a high quality product, which meets the needs of their customers in an ethical manner. The importance for any business to identify its mission is to describe the expectations it plans to meet on a daily basis, expressing the organizational attitude to all its stakeholders. The values the leadership holds dear, like seeking out the most reputable producers of products and certifying those products meet the highest standards, provides insight into the commitment of Lafleur’s leadership to their values and mission. A vision, unlike the mission, is forward-thinking and identifies what the company’s leaders aspire for it to become. Lafleur Trading Company seeks to become the premier supplier of fine foods and wines in the world. This vision cannot be accomplished without clearly expressed goals. Its already impressive list of trading partners indicates the vision and goals for Lafleur was determined early in the organization’s conception. By continuing to make strategic decisions with the mission, vision, values, nd goals in mind, Lafleur is sure to attain a desirable future. Organizational Structure Lafleur Trading Company implemented a divisional organizational structure that allows the Chief Executive Officer to delegate responsibilities to separate department leaders. The decision to use a divisional organizational structure provides Lafleur Trading Company the ability to create departments that consists of experienced individuals in specific duties related to the department. This method creates additional accountability for employees because the department manager delegates a task to an individual or team who is responsible for the competition of that task (Apollo Group, Inc, 2011). Creating individual departments also creates an environment where Lafleur Trading Company can focus on providing customers with quality products at the lowest price because employees in his or her departments focus on his or her assigned task without interruption form other unrelated tasks. This structure allows Lafleur Trading Company to make decisions with better information and in less time because of the concentrated focus in each department. The divisional organizational structure at Lafleur Trading Company consists of four main positions the Chief Executive Officer (CEO), the Chief Information Officer (CIO), the Chief Financial Officer (CFO), and the Chief Operations Officer COO) (Apollo Group, Inc, 2011). The CEO oversees the total operation of the company using information from the CIO, CFO, and COO to determine what actions are appropriate. The CIO is responsible for the information technology aspect of the company, and the CFO oversees the accounting and legal aspect of the company. The COO maintains the general operations of the business that consists of sales, purchasing, warehouse operations, and human resources. Each department manages the responsibilities assigned to them and reports to the CEO who can use the information to make decision with more information about each department involved (John A. Pearce, 2009). Collaboration Process The collaboration process is a process in itself. It involves the process of parties coming together to work through the project. Each party should bring the project together; provide the scope of the project and the expectations. The parties need to understand and be clear on the success and the results of the project and then discuss the specifics. The framework offers the general components of collaboration. The elements include grounding, core foundation, outcomes, process and contextual factors. Grounding is the foundation of collaboration in which the parties get together and share the idea. Core foundation is the mutual idea of the collaborative efforts. Outcomes are the efforts achieved by collaboration and process and contextual factors are what effect the each day actions of the collaboration. Once the process is complete and it has been implemented, the parties are on their way to getting results that they would have not got otherwise. It is important to understand that the process is not for all situations and teamwork is the only way to achieve it. It is important to select the right people, for the right reason, and with the support of management. References Apollo Group, Inc. (2011). Lafleur Trading Company. Retrieved 12 8, 2011, from https://ecampus. phoenix. edu/secure/aapd/cist/vop/Business/Lafleur/intranet. htm Pearce, J. A. II, & Robinson, R. B. (2009). Strategic management: Formulation, implementation, and control (11th ed. ). New York: McGraw-Hill.

Department of Economics Essays - Economics, Economy, Macroeconomics

Department of Economics Essays - Economics, Economy, Macroeconomics Department of Economics Howard University Principles of Economics I Econ-001 Kristen E. Broady, Ph.D. Academic Support Bldg. B, Room 323 Howard University Email: [emailprotected] Personal Email: [emailprotected] Office Phone: 202-806-7740 Cell Phone: 803-920-3072 Office Hours: TR 1:00 p.m. - 5:00 p.m. Other times by appointment TEXTBOOK: Paul Krugman and Robin Wells, Economics in Modules , 3rd edition, Macmillan, 2014. Supplementary Readings: Thomas Swartz and Frank Bonello, Taking Sides, Clashing Views of Controversial Economic Issues, 11th edition, The Dushkin Publishing Group Inc., 2004. Ellen Frank et al, eds., Real World Macro, 26th Edition, Dollars & Sense Economic Affairs Bureau, 2009. Campbell R. McConnell, Stanley L. Brue and Seam M. Flynn, Economics, CUSTOM edition, McGraw Hill, 2009. mcconnell18e.com Course Description: Principles of Economics I is the first course of a two semester course sequence in introductory economics. These courses introduce the student to the basic principles of economic theory and policy. Economics is a systematic discipline, which studies the production and distribution of goods and services in a world with unlimited human aspirations but finite productive resources. How economists conceptualize the diverse problems arising from the tension between unlimited desires and fixed resources will be discussed. The basic methods of thought and tools of analysis which economists use will be described. The students will be introduced to the important policy issues which make economics a lively and controversial field. The main body of economic theory is typically divided into macroeconomics and microeconomics. Principles I is mainly focused on macroeconomics, the study of how aggregate (large) units of the economy behave. Macroeconomics studies the behavior of such important aggregate variables as total household consumption and savings, total business investment, government expenditures, the level of wages and employment, and the overall stock of money and credit. Macroeconomic theory studies these questions by dividing the economy into three types of inter-related markets; the market for labor, the market for goods and services, and the market for monetary and financial assets. Macroeconomic policy is concerned with unemployment, inflation, economic growth, and economic equity at the national level. On the other hand, microeconomics (principles of economics II) is concerned with the study of individual households and firms, and specific industries and markets. Students can find a vast amount of economics related material on the internet. Some selected links (URL's) are given in the Economics Department web site coas.howard.edu/economics/ Objectives of the Course: The purpose of this course is to introduce the student to the basic principles of macroeconomic theory and policy. Upon successful completion of the course, students should become familiar and comfortable with: . The methods of thought and tools which facilitate economic analysis. . The historical and contemporary facts of the economy at the macro-level, such as the history of the business cycle, inflation, productivity, economic growth, income distribution, and structural change. . The most important institutions of the economy such as the household sector, the business sector, the financial system, the tax system, and the federal budget. . The economic relationships used in macroeconomic theory such as the consumption function, the investment function, the aggregate expenditure function, the aggregate demand function, and the aggregate supply function. . The concept of macroeconomic equilibrium and disequilibrium . Alternative theoretical models of macroeconomic behavior such as the classical model, the Keynesian model, and the monetarist model. . Important historical episodes of macroeconomic policy application such as the Great Depression of the 1930s, wage and price controls during World War II, the Kennedy tax cut of the 1960s, the oil price inflation of the 1970s, "Reaganomics" of the 1980s, the Clinton economic program of the 1990s, and the Great Recession of the late 2000s. General Course Requirements: The program of study consists of lectures, class discussions, reading assignments, written assignments and written examinations. Students are responsible for attending classes regularly and completing all assignments in a timely manner. A minimum of three examinations will be given during the semester. A departmental comprehensive final examination will be given at the end of the semester. The final examination will count for thirty percent (30%) of the final grade. Any student who does not take a quiz or examination must obtain permission of the instructor in order to take a substitute or a make-up test. A student who does not secure such approval will receive a grade of `F' (or zero) for the quiz or examination missed. Your instructor may require additional readings during the course. Final Grade Determination: The final grade of the student in this course will be based on his/her overall

Power Production - sources of power production

Power Production - sources of power production Fuel Coal, oil, natural gas (or gas generated from landfills), wood fires, and hydrogen fuel cell technology are all examples of fuels, wherein the resource is consumed to release inherent energetic properties, usually being combusted to generate heat energy. Fuels may be either renewable (like wood or bio-fuel generated from products such as corn) or non-renewable (like coal or oil). Fuels generally create waste byproducts, some of which can be harmful pollutants. Geothermal The Earth generates a lot of heat while going about its normal business, in the form of subterranean steam and magma among others. The geothermal energy generated within the Earths crust can be harnessed and transformed into other forms of energy, such as electricity. Hydropower The use of hydropower involves using the kinetic motion in water as it flows downstream, part of the normal water cycle of the Earth, to generate other forms of energy, most notably electricity. Dams use this property as a means of generating electricity. This form of hydropower is called hydroelectricity. Waterwheels were an ancient technology which also made use of this concept to generate kinetic energy to run equipment, such as a grain mill, though it was not until the creation of modern water turbines that the principle of electromagnetic induction was used to generate electricity. Solar The sun is the single most significant source of energy to the planet Earth, and any energy that it provides which isnt used to help plants grow or to heat the Earth is basically lost. Solar power can be used with solar voltaic power cells to generate electricity. Certain regions of the world receive more direct sunlight than others, so solar energy is not uniformly practical for all areas. Wind Modern windmills can transfer the kinetic energy of the air flowing through them into other forms of energy, such as electricity. There are some environmental concerns with using wind energy, because the windmills often injure birds who may be passing through the region. Nuclear Certain elements undergo radioactive decay. Harnessing this nuclear energy and transforming it into electricity is one way to generate substantial power. Nuclear power is controversial because the material used can be dangerous and resultant waste products are toxic. Accidents that take place at nuclear power plants, such as Chernobyl, are devastating to local populations and environments. Still, many nations have adopted nuclear power as a significant energy alternative. As opposed to nuclear fission, where particles decay into smaller particles, scientists are continuing to study feasible ways of harnessing nuclear fusion for power production.   Biomass Biomass is not really a separate type of energy, so much as a specific type of fuel. It is generated from organic waste products, such as cornhusks, sewage, and grass clippings. This material contains residual energy, which can be released by burning it in biomass power plants. Since these waste products always exist, it is considered a renewable resource.

Business Excellence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Business Excellence - Research Paper Example The business environment has grown quite competitive in the past few decades. In response to the increased competition, several management models have been advanced to aid in navigating the competitive business world. The advancement in technology and development of the education system across the world has contributed significantly to the increase in technology. Apparently, the development of different education systems across the world has diversified knowledge acquisition in the business field. Essentially, the diversification of the business knowledge has led to the establishment of effective management models such as the EFQM  excellence model. The EFQM  excellence model has gained widespread use in the UAE. Basically, the EFQM excellence model can be described as an organized framework adopted by organizations to achieve prosperity objectives. The model has been credited for aiding organization in the struggle towards excellence. In essence, the model keeps the organization on point in matters of goal achievement. Terterov & Ghurfat (2006) states that there are various  awards that have been  instituted  to motivate organizations within the UAE to continue with the struggle to excellent performance. The Dubai Quality Award is among the most effective motivation programs in the UAE that record a huge participation of various organizations and the government sector. The focus of this study is to evaluate the contribution of the Dubai Quality Award to the performance of Aptec Holdings Limited. Aptec Holdings Limited is among the largest distributors in Dubai and also one of the fastest growing companies in the past few years. A critical evaluation of the company’s performance reveals the Dubai Quality Award has played a significant role in its success. It can be observed that the Dubai Quality Award forces firms to produce products or services that are of high quality (Fisher, 2010). The journey to excellence or the Aptec Holdings Limited has had

Faults in U.S. Intelligence Operations Carried over from Persian Gulf Assignment

Faults in U.S. Intelligence Operations Carried over from Persian Gulf War I to Persian Gulf War II - Assignment Example The war was successful due to the fact that no much resource was used during the war and only estimated 300-Allied soldiers lost their lives. Twelve years down the line, the U.S. and its allies again initiated another war with Saddam Hussein in 2003 with a view to toppling his regime. The reason for Iraq’s invasion according to the then U.S. president George Walker Bush, and the then British Prime Minister Tony Blair was that their intention was to disarm Saddam of weapons of mass destruction (WMD) and stop Saddam from supporting terrorist as well as liberate the people of Iraq3. The war ended after several months of fighting with the culture of Saddam Hussein in Baghdad Iraq. Despite the success in the two wars, the U.S. intelligence services have been faulted for not doing its work as expected. This was mainly manifested during the Persian Gulf War of 1991. After discovering the faults, the U.S. intelligence service took several initiatives aimed at rectifying the faults to avoid a repeat of such errors in subsequent operation. Despite these attempts, the question that one may ask is whether the US intelligence op eration made similar faults during the Persian Gulf War of 2003? The objective of this paper is to analyze whether the faults in US intelligence operations were carried over from the Persian Gulf War of 1991 to the Persian Gulf War of 2003. Intelligence department plays a major role with regard to the provision of vital information that may help country strategize in time and combat any security threat5. Provision of timely and accurate information is important because it may help a country prepare in terms of defence and put in place the necessary resource needed to prevent any security threat. This has been a major concern for the United States government since the end of the Cold War. Nevertheless, some of the intelligence services have failed the government of U.S. with regard to the provision of vital information regarding  uncertainties and early warning. This was witnessed during the Persian Gulf War of 1991 when the I MEF failed to provide a strategic warning during months Saddam Hussein invaded Kuwait in 1990.

In his book Special Providence, Walter Russell Mead laid out four Essay

In his book Special Providence, Walter Russell Mead laid out four foreign policy schools. Choose two of these schools and explain how they have influenced US foreign policy since 1898 - Essay Example is imperative to note that the Hamiltonian and Wilsonian foreign policy schools have had a significant impact in shaping Americas relations with other nations since 1898. Hamiltonian is associated with Alexander Hamilton and its main objective was to focus on industries and commerce (Mead 2013). Ideally, the policy was aimed at opening the US to various economic opportunities abroad. Trade and the process of industrialization have become critical aspects of growth in the US. Through this foreign policy agenda, the US has managed to inform industrial and commercial decisions on a planetary scale effectively making it an economic powerhouse. Secondly, Wilsonian foreign policy school was established as a consequence of spreading values manifest in the US around the world. This policy has been essential in making the US a global leader in terms of instilling the moral values in different parts of the world (Mead 2013). For instance, America is known for propagating for democratic governance, human rights and freedoms of individuals (Mead 2013). Moreover, the policy has played a critical role in propagating capitalistic tendencies around the

Socioilogy Essay Example for Free

Socioilogy Essay Many people are under the impression that the United States prison system is meant to punish those who have committed acts against the law. Although this is true, it has been proven that as a whole, the country has become exponentially more punitive, sentencing individuals at a far greater rate than in decades before. Nicola Lacey explains in American Imprisonment in Comparative Perspective that America is on an imprisonment â€Å"binge†. Until 1980, 110 people per 100,000 individuals were behind bars whereas today the numbers are increased to 740 people per 100,000. We live in a society of mass incarceration in which 1 out of every 100 adults are currently incarcerated. For a comparative perspective, America accounts for 5% of the world’s population while also accounting for 25% of the world’s incarcerated population. It is clear by the numbers that something has happened within the last thirty years to drastically increase the use of punishment. There are different explanations for the imprisonment binge in America, however the effects of incarceration on individuals, and consequences of penal practices have become a growing social problem. The extremely racialized incarceral system not only diminishes family life and distorts democracy, but also outcasts ex-convicts by discriminating them educationally and black-listing them from many everyday activities in society. Now more than ever, social circumstances effect one’s likelihood to be involved with crime and the criminal justice system as a whole. Class, Race and Hyperincarceration in Revanchist America by Loic Wacquant argues that mass incarceration does not exist in the United States, rather hyperincarceration, or finely targeting incarceration by class, race and place. This method of categorization associates imprisonment with poor, African American males. This triple selectivity of class, race and place is the reason Wacquant believes we have an absurd criminal justice system in the United States. It is unfair that predetermined factors dictate the involvement of blacks and other minorities with crime and incarceration. Not only has an increased punitive system in the United States contributed to discriminating against blacks, but it forms society’s view of blacks overall. Another piece of Saperstein and Penner’s paper investigates the hypothesis that â€Å"incarceration affects how respondents indentify themselves and how they are perceived by others: respondents who are or have been incarcerated will be more likely to be classified as black, and less likely to be classified as white† (Saperstein 93). The researchers use data from the 1979 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth (NLSY) to examine the relationship between different dependent variables such as racial self-identification and racial classification. The independent variables in the experiment are incarceration and interviewer characteristics. The authors suggest that this racial affiliation based on incarceration creates a vicious cycle where inequality is reproduced. Saperstein and Penner’s hypothesis leads me to draw a direct connection between race and crime. The connection is not that blacks are more likely to commit crimes, rather society’s lens is more likely to affiliate crime with blacks. Because of the phenomena of mass incarceration, when a person thinks of a criminal, they tend to think of a black person. In turn, police officers, judges and prosecutors tend to assume the same, making blacks the targets of racial profiling and harsher sentencing. Not only are members of the courtroom workgroup likely to be more harsh on a black person, but this causes other people to look at members of every person in the black community as criminals. This scenario has a far greater effect on society than thought of at first glance. The prison system has a far greater effect on society beyond the prison walls themselves, especially in terms of family life. Although the prisoner is the person who directly feels the temporal sentence itself, families bear the cost of incarceration as well. As many people know, the majority of prisoners in the United States prison system are male. This is exemplified by the numbers at San Quentin Prison, being that 95% of all visitors are women. Wives, sisters, daughters and mothers travel for hours to spend a few short minutes with their loved ones behind bars. Megan Comfort explains the struggle to maintain family bonds â€Å"In the Tube at San Quentin: The Secondary Prisonization of Women Visiting Inmates†. The visitation system in many prisons are degrading in that cueing and waiting degrades the visitors time and depreciates the visit. Visitation restrictions stretch to the regulation of clothes and belongings in that 1/3rd of female visitors are asked to change some aspect of their attire for one reason or another. Female visitors experience many pains of imprisonment. In assimilating to the regulations and degradation of prison, female visitors undergo what Comfort calls a form of secondary prisonization. Not only are women penalized based on visitation regulations, but the prison system disorganizes families, causing them to bear many costs of incarceration. Marriage and divorce becomes an issue with many couples going through the prison system. The hardships of imprisonment on family life has a destabilizing effect, causing problems for wives and children equally. Bruce Western and Len Lopoo state in Punishment and Inequality In America, that although 60% of prisoners have at least monthly contact with family members in some way, visitations are relatively rare in that prisoners are places more than 100 miles away from home. An even greater effect that the carceral facility plays on the family is the stigma and shame many family members endure. Family life is one of the overlooked consequences of imprisonment that has a large effect on many individuals affiliated with the criminal justice system. It is evident that the incarceration system as a whole accounts for a civil death in the distortion of democracy. Essentially, prisoner votes count in the districts in which they are incarcerated. This means that more funding is given to districts which have a greater population due to the existence of a prison, however those behind the prison walls are not accounted for in their voting rights. This form of prison-based gerrymandering influxes the number of votes in an area in which prisons are located, giving a political advantage to those running for office. Christopher Ugger and Jeff Manza write about the elimination of voices of formally incarcerated people in their piece Lost Voices: The Civic and Political Views of Disenfranchised Felons. Since the prison system is on based around raced, the criminal disenfranchisement in the United States has taken the right to vote from 17% of African American men. It is clear that a major collateral consequence is the elimination of eliminating the voices of such a specific racial and social category. On major challenge of prisoner re-entry is the denial of access to education, not to mention the social ostracization the prison system imposes on individuals. Issac, a formally incarcerated individual and a member of the Center for Community Alternatives explains that after he was let out for criminal possession of a controlled substance, it was extremely difficult for him to get into college. The Dean at SUNY Oswego did not want him in the school because he was an ex-convict. Access to education is an issue for both formally incarcerated individuals, and individuals behind bars. President Bill Clinton passed the Crime Control Law Enforcement Act under his presidency which denied Pell Grants to criminals despite unanimous professional opinion that post secondary education reduces recidivism, bolsters carceral order, and increases public safety. Josh Page explains this in Eliminating the Enemy: The Import of Denying Prisoners Access to Higher Education. Page argues that lawmakers enacted this legislative penal drama oriented in the pursuit of political capital. The denial of prisoners access to education is not an economic decision being that prisoners receive less than 1% of Pell Grant dollars, rather a symbolic, communicative act. How can anyone argue this when it has been proven that it costs more not to educate prisoners? Aside from the implications of not allowing prisoners to gain secondary education, the hardships of ex-convicts to gain education effects their life and society greatly. If people cannot gain education after prison, they are less likely to get jobs, and in turn, more likely to reoffend. Making it more difficult for people to become re-acclimated with society creates a vicious cycle of recidivism. Aside from hindering access to education, the penal system as a whole creates a stigma for individuals life after prison. After being in prison, it is hard to rebuild connections with one’s family since they have been apart for so long. Ex-convicts are separated from society physically and institutionally. After being in prison, it is very difficult for an individual to regain their life and adjust to the new social circumstances they are subjected to, and have been shielded from for so long. An example of this occurs in Miami Day County. In Florida, Jessica’s Law banishes sex offenders to the streets by requiring that ex sex offenders live 2,500 feet or more away from parks, schools and daycares. Since parole requires that ex-convicts live in the county they committed a crime, Jessica’s law left hundreds of individuals living homeless under a bridge. This is one example of many ways in which prisoner re-entry becomes very difficult for individuals. Overall, the penal system is a cultural performance which challenges individuals across society and creates a system of inequality for all those affiliated with it.

Black Sox Trial Essay -- essays research papers

The Black Sox Trial – 1921   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Black Sox scandal was a baseball betting scheme involving a group of baseball players and gamblers which led to the Chicago White Sox intentionally losing in the 1919 World Series. As a result this scandal led to the banning of eight players from the 1919 Chicago White Sox team, Joe Jackson (better known as Shoeless Joe Jackson), Eddie Cicotte, Chick Gandil, Oscar Felsch, Fred McMullin, Swede Risberg, Buck Weaver, and Claude Williams. This event also introduced a new commissioner and strict rules prohibiting gambling in baseball.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  This conspiracy was the innovation of the White Sox’s first baseman Chick Gandil and Joseph â€Å"Sport† Sullivan, who was a professional gambler among his friend circle. During the 1919 baseball season, the Chicago White Sox had proven themselves to the world that they were the best team in the baseball league and, having clinched the American League pennant, were installed as the bookmarker’s favorites to defeat the Cincinnati Reds in the Series. At the time, gambling on baseball games was widespread and there were numerous stories about rigged ball games during the regular season but they were generally ignored by the team managers and owners.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Gandil, the first baseman, recruited seven of his teammates, to instigate â€Å"the fix,† all which was motivated by the mixed feelings of the dislike of the club owner Charles Comiskey along with greed. The seven players were the starting pitchers Eddie Cicotte and Cluade â€Å"Lefty† Williams, outfielders Shoeless Joe Jackson and Oscar â€Å"Happy† Felsch, and infielders Swede Risberg, Buck Weaver, and Fred McMullin. Sullivan and his two acquaintances Bill Burns and Billy Maharg contacted a wealthy New York gambler by the name of Arnold Rothstein to supply the money for the 8 players, who were told that they would get a total of $100,000. Even before the infamous Series started on October 1st there were whispers all over amongst the gambling population that things were a little weird, and the flood of money showed the odds of Cincinnati decline rapidly. These rumors also reached the press box where a number of reporters, including Hugh Fulle rton from the Chicago Herald along with Examiner and ex-player and manager Christy Mathewson, got down to compare notes on any plays and or players... ...ear. As it turned out the 1917 win in the World Series was the last championship the Chicago White Sox ever came across; changing the American pastime history forever! This Black Sox Scandal trial was a very interesting trial I had wanted to know about for the longest time. In writing this paper I mainly referred to the site,  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  http://www.law.umkc.edu/faculty/projects/ftrials/blacksox/blacksox.html This site consisted of many useful links and was very informative and broke down the events leading up to the trial and gave the entire sequence of events in a brief. Furthermore, to my surprise this site provided the court documents like the confessions of Joe Jackson, which seemed to be lost for a while and then mysteriously surfaced out of the blues later on, the trial testimonies, and many more. What really helped me out was the chronology of events along with the diagram of â€Å"the fix†. It was a lot easier to follow the diagram in my opinion. Another link on the website I found quite useful was â€Å"The Eight Men Out† link. It appropriately gives the ages, positions, salaries, and comments Gandil made for the eight players which were accused of the scandal.

Music and Brain Development Essay

There are three major perspectives on the positive impact of music education to the core curricula in school. The study on how music shares value to brain development has opened new views for all educators. According to the study of Neurological Research in February 1997, music develops abstract reasoning skills needed for the learning process of children in math and science. It was proven that training in music is more efficient than computer learning for teaching math and science skills (Peretz and Zatorre, 2005).   It was reported that music training could be more effective than computer instruction for teaching these skills. The findings were the result of a two year experiment with preschoolers by Rauscher et. Al. Wriht et al in 1997, compared the effects of musical and non-musical training on intellectual development as a follow-up to their studies on music can enhance spatial-reasoning. They concluded that music enhanced brain functions that were required for learning mathematics, science and engineering (Brust, 2003). Several studies have suggested that beginning music training early corresponds to greater growth in certain areas of the brain (Schlang et al, 2003). For example, researchers in Germany identified the planum temporale, a part of the left hemisphere as the region of the brain responsible for the perfect pitch and speech. This term used magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to look at the planun temporale in non-musicians and professional musicians, some with perfect pitch and some without it. They discovered that the planum temporale in those with perfect pitch was twice as large as the other groups. Also with perfect pitch has started a music lesson before age seven. Rauscher et al. (1997) found that musicians had thicker nerve fibers in the corpus callosum, the part of the brain that carries signals between the two hemispheres, if they started keyboard training before the age of seven. Babo (2001) discussed, researchers, work at the University of Konstanz in Germany which focused that exposure to music helped to rewire neural circuits. They concluded that the brains of pianists were more efficient at making skilled movements than the brains of others. These findings suggested that musical training could enhance brain function (Trainor and Schmidt, 2003). Schlaug et al. (1995) used MRI to discover that musicians who started studying music before the age of 7 had regions in their brains (the corpus callosum and the right motor cortex) that were larger than corresponding regions in both non-musicians and musicians whose training began at a later age. However, in response to questions about his study, Schlaug et al preferred not to recommend when music should be taught, since some very skilled musicians began performing in their twenties or thirties. Schlaug et al. also reported that most musicians who have perfect pitch started music lessons before the age of seven. However, according to Diamond and Hopson (1998), â€Å"early music training is associated with more growth in this one particular brain region†¦. if training starts later or is absent altogether, perfect pitch rarely shows up† (p. 4). Zatorre (2003) reported evidence that infants are born with nervous systems devoted exclusively to music. Studies are showing that early and ongoing musical training can help organize and develop children’s brains. In a study to determine the effect of systematic prenatal musical stimulation by observing musical behaviors exhibited between birth and 6, Fujioka et al (2006) found that infants who received systematic prenatal musical stimulation exhibited â€Å"remarkable attention behaviors.   Those infants could imitate accurately sounds made by adults (including non-family members), and appear to structure vocalization much earlier than infants who did not have prenatal musical training† (p. 21).   Only quite the researches focused on the prenatal musical training of the fetus. Personal Reflection I believe that musicians have more active contribution to brain development because they are required to perform in more complex sequences of finger movements. Musicians are regularly adapting to decisions on tempo, tone, style, rhythm, phrasing and feeling-training the brain to become incredibly good at organizing and performing a lot of activities all at the same time. Musicians in my point of view, exercise orchestration that have better payoff for lifelong attention skills, intelligence and skills in self-knowledge and self-expression. In my own opinion, there is a significant relationship between music and brain development. There is an interrelationship between music and education because of the eight basic intelligences:   linguistic; logical-mathematical; spatial; bodily-kinesthetic; musical; interpersonal; intrapersonal; and naturalist. Although, these intelligences are different from musical intelligences:emotional, spiritual and cultural than the other kinds of intelligences. Most importantly, he assumed that music could help some organize the way they think and work by helping them develop in other areas, such as math, language, and spatial reasoning. Gardner criticized school districts that sacrificed music in children’s education, calling them â€Å"arrogant and ignorant about the value of music education† (p. 142). Essay 2-The Mozart Effect Rauscher et al. (1993) used the term Mozart effect to describe the results of their study on the relationship between music and spatial task performance. It is based on the ear’s role in the development of movement, balance, language and pre-verbal communication as well as the integration of neurological responses stimulated by music The Mozart effect also refers to the way music is used to enhance the quality of life. For example, music helps children in obtaining good health, education, and creativity (Cjabris, 1999).   Rauscher et al. (1997) gave a group of college students three 10-minute-long sets of standard IQ spatial reasoning tasks: listening to a Mozart sonata for two pianos, listening to a relaxation tape, and sitting through silence. The results showed that the individuals who listened to Mozart had a distinct advantage in spatial task performance. Steele et al (1999) noted that students performed better â€Å"on the abstract/spatial reasoning tests after listening to Mozart than after listening to either the relaxation tape or to nothing† (p. 2). Although conditions differed significantly between music, silence, and relaxation, Shaw and his colleagues were careful to qualify the study results. Although spatial reasoning test scores rose as a result of listening to Mozart’s piano sonata in D major (K488), the effects were temporary. Jenkins (2001) noted that â€Å"the enhancing effect of the music condition is temporary, and does not extend beyond the 10-15 minute period during which subjects were engaged in each spatial task† (Rauscher et al., 1993, p. 2). The authors posed several questions for further research: â€Å"Could varying the amount of listening time optimize the Mozart effect? Could listening to Mozart also enhance other intelligence measures such as short-term memory, verbal reasoning, and quantitative reasoning? Would other kinds of music have an effect on IQ performance† (p. 2)? Though the answers to these questions were unclear, the authors concluded that music lacking in complexity failed to enhance performance. They also concluded that the complexity of Mozart’s music was responsible for its enhancing effect. Rauscher et al. replicated and extended these findings in 1995. They used the same tasks used in their first experiment but extended the types of listening examples used. College students were divided into 3 groups: those exposed to silence, the same Mozart music used in the 1993 study, and a piece by Philip Glass. As before, the Mozart group showed a significant increase in spatial IQ scores. Tomatis, a French physician, psychologist, and educator, researched the connection between early childhood development in the 1960s and the music of Mozart (Jenkins, 2001). College students listened to a Mozart sonata, then performed complicated visual tasks involving cutting and folding paper. However, there was no difference in the way these tasks were performed by either the students who listened to the sonata or the control groups who just relaxed before taking the test or listened to other kinds of music. Schellenberg (2006) pointed out that the studies on music instruction insubstantial overall because researchers only tried to repeat and extend their findings. For example, no one knew exactly which kind of musical training produced results and which kinds did not, who benefited most from it, and how long any intellectual gains resulting from music training lasted. In another study, Chabris (1999) reviewed previous studies and compared the effects of the Mozart recordings. Results revealed a statistically insignificant increase in the ability of individuals to complete tasks requiring spatial visualization skills and abstract reasoning. Chabris noted that â€Å"if listening to Mozart improves cognitive performance at all, it’s by improving overall cognitive arousal and concentration. It shouldn’t be viewed as an intellectual miracle drug† (p. 1). Steele (2001) agreed with Chabris, by stating that â€Å"there is a problem with the concept of classical music as Gatorade for the brain† (p. 1). A number of other researchers (Crncec et al, 2006) supported the belief that classical music does not increase basic intelligence. Rauscher, et l (1995) noted that because many researchers only measured the effect on general intelligence instead of on spatial-temporal abilities, they failed when they tried to repeat the original experiment. In 1995, Rauscher et al. replicated this study and again found that spatial-temporal reasoning improved after listening to the Mozart Sonata. Though daily exposure to Mozart’s music produced daily increases in scores, this effect did not apply to all styles of music or to all areas of intelligence. For example, Phillip Glass’ minimalist music did not enhance spatial-temporal reasoning. Further, the students’ scores did not improve when they performed a short-term memory task after listening to Mozart. Rauscher et al. (1999) concluded that â€Å"although the Mozart effect is intriguing and holds great promise for further explorations into the transfer of musical processing to other domains of reasoning, merely listening to music probably does not lead to lasting enhancement of spatial-temporal intelligence. Listening to music is a passive experience for most people, and does not require the involvement that actively creating music does† (p. 2).   This observation led researchers to suspect that actively creating music has greater benefits for spatial temporal intelligence than simply listening to it. Combining separate elements of an object into a whole or arranging them in a specific order are spatial-temporal operations. They require successive steps, which are dependent upon previous steps. Spatial-logical operations also require recognition of similarities or differences among objects and are generally one-step processes. For example, a child who is asked to classify objects according to their color or shape would be performing a spatial-logical operation. The Rauscher et al. (1999) model predicted that music training may increase spatial-temporal task scores, but not necessarily spatial-logical tasks. These studies did suggest casual relationships between music and spatial task performance. The authors concluded that music education was helpful for maximum cognitive development by demonstrating that music could improve the intellectual functioning of children. Personal Reflection In my own opinion, the study in Mozart effect is a new proof of music’s education and its importance. Since it is believed to development a child’s IQ, schools must offer music programs to help their students in a very substantial way. Music educators should work towards the inclusion of music education in the curriculum of public education. Also, the public’s perception of music education must be altered so that policymakers in education are forced to provide for conditions where music education may thrive. Many educators and researchers posit that music should be a more central part of   the school curriculum in light of studies that demonstrate a relationship between music and intellectual growth. Also, tentative research findings in support of music education have shown that people believe that there is an essential value to learning about music. Diamond (1998) argued that learning to play an instrument could increase a child’s capacity for â€Å"voluntary attention† (p. 7), while Porter (1998) concluded that music can teach â€Å"discipline, care, concentration, and perseverance† (p. 7). Music Learning and Memory for Music When memory for a sequence of visually presented letters is tested, the marked recency effect that characterizes studies of the PAS system is absent. Nonetheless, clear evidence of phonological coding is found in the form of a marked effect of phonological similarity ( Schlkind et al, 2003). auditory input. Further evidence for the interaction between self-generated phonological codes and auditory input is, of course, offered by the irrelevant speech effect. Performance is impaired by unwanted spoken material, with the crucial feature of the material being its phonological rather than its semantic characteristics, again suggesting that the interaction is occurring at a common phonological level ( Dowling, 1994). It should be pointed out at this stage, however, that the nature of the irrelevant sound is crucial. While speech in a foreign language is quite disruptive to performance, white noise is not, even when the intensity of the noise is pulsed so as to resemble the intensity envelope of the speech signal that has been shown to disrupt memory ( Dowling et al, 1995). The fact that memory is more disrupted by vocal than by nonvocal music might seem to suggest that the system is essentially speech based. It is possible, however, that the greater disruption by speech reflects the nature of the primary task, namely remembering digits, a task that is likely to operate principally in terms of the spoken names of the digits. It is entirely conceivable that a different primary task would lead to a different degree of disruption. One possibility then might be to look at studies investigating memory for environmental sounds. Unfortunately, the evidence in this area seems to be relatively sparse. Deutsch (2004) showed that their patient was better at remembering environmental sounds than spoken digits, but, unfortunately, it is possible that the task was done by first identifying the sounds and then remembering them semantically. Personal Reflection . Thinking of music memory as schematic is probably accurate for many of the interactions that both trained and untrained people have with music. However, recently I have become interested in the nature of representation when memory for music is essentially perfect. Whereas it appears that the majority of work in music cognition has examined short-term memory, I would like to examine longterm memory. By this I mean that I am interested in the way well-learned music is represented. People are able to remember a large repertory of music and retain it for many years. What kinds of codes make this retention possible? Clearly, proposing verbal codes in the traditional sense is impractical when trying to understand memory for melody (as opposed to the lyrics in vocal music). Even if we assume that a small minority of musicians can encode tunes in terms of musical structure, motor commands, or musical notation, the successful retention of music by untrained people suggests the existence of other types of durable codes. The explication of those codes has been the goal of my current program of research References    Blood, A., & Zatorre, R. (2001). Intensely pleasurable responses to music correlate with activity in brain regions implicated in reward and emotion. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,98, 11818-11823. Brust, J. (2003). 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One year of musical training affects development of auditory cortical-evoked fields in young children. Brain, 129, 2593-2608. This article can be downloaded. Jenkins, J.S. (2001). The Mozart effect. Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine,   94,170-172. Patel, A. (2003). Language, music, syntax and the brain. Nature Neuroscience, 6(7), 674-681. This article can be downloaded. discuss it from the neuroscientific perspective. Peretz, I., & Zatorre, R. (2005). Brain organization for music processing. Annual Review of Psychology, 56, 89-114. This article can be downloaded. This is an excellent review. Rauschecker, J. (2003). Functional organization and plasticity of auditory cortex. In Peretz, I., & Zatorre, R. (Eds.) The cognitive neuroscience of music (pp. (357-365). New York: Oxford University Press. Rauscher, F. (1999). Reply to Prelude or requiem for the â€Å"Mozart effect’? Nature, 400, 6747, 827-8. Schellenberg, E. G.(2005). Music and cognitive abilities. 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